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This is the daily record across four areas, with the voices' opinions marked as opinion. Every item is graded Verified or Reported and states what it does not test, and the weekly email and the monthly issue are drawn from it.

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EU Commission opens call for evidence on open source digital ecosystems The Commission opened a call for evidence on European open digital ecosystems, running to 3 February 2026, citing heavy EU dependence on non-EU digital technologies, to feed a strategy due in the first quarter of 2026. Policy and law VerifiedEditor-read Romania signs over EUR 375 million in PNRR contracts for chip project Romania's investment and economy ministries said the country signed 23 PNRR financing contracts worth over EUR 375 million with more than 10 entities, backing the IPCEI on low power processors and semiconductor chips, above the plan's EUR 360 million threshold. Industry, investment and R&D VerifiedAI-drafted Dutch quantum firm Q*Bird wins EUR 7.5 million EIC Accelerator finance Delft based Q*Bird said it secured EUR 7.5 million in blended finance from the EIC Accelerator, split between a EUR 2.5 million grant and EUR 5 million equity, to scale its MDI QKD hardware under the NEXUS quantum secure networking project. Industry, investment and R&DCompute and infrastructure VerifiedAI-drafted ICEYE signs multi-year sovereign SAR satellite deal with Sweden's FMV Finland's ICEYE signed a multi-year contract with Sweden's FMV, on behalf of the Swedish Armed Forces, to supply SAR satellites, data, software and ground systems for an intelligence system Sweden will own and operate. No contract value was disclosed. Defence and space VerifiedAI-drafted Eutelsat orders 340 more OneWeb satellites from Airbus in Toulouse Eutelsat awarded Airbus Defence and Space a contract for 340 more OneWeb LEO satellites, built on a new Toulouse production line, taking the replacement order to 440 satellites since December 2024. Airbus called it a further step for European sovereignty. No price was disclosed. Defence and spaceIndustry, investment and R&D VerifiedAI-drafted Polish president vetoes law implementing the EU Digital Services Act President Karol Nawrocki vetoed Poland's bill implementing the EU Digital Services Act, citing censorship risk in its content-blocking procedure; the veto leaves Poland the only member state without a functioning Digital Services Coordinator. Policy and law VerifiedAI-drafted Portugal adopts National AI Agenda, pledges over EUR 400 million to 2030 Portugal's Council of Ministers approved Resolution 2/2026, adopting the National AI Agenda and its 2026 to 2030 action plan, which AICEP said is projected to channel over EUR 400 million, mostly EU funds, into AI by 2030. The headline figure of "EUR 400,000" circulating in some outlets is an error. Industry, investment and R&DPolicy and law ReportedAI-drafted European Commission publishes summary of Digital Markets Act review The Commission published a summary of over 450 submissions to its mandatory three year review of the Digital Markets Act, with rivals and SMEs faulting weak enforcement and gatekeepers citing proportionality, ahead of a final report due in May. Policy and law VerifiedEditor-read DIGITAL SME Alliance opinion: 2026 will make or break Europe's tech sovereignty DIGITAL SME Alliance publishes Antonio Grasso's piece arguing 2026's first 100 days will decide Europe's tech sovereignty, citing three US firms holding 65 percent of the EU cloud market and urging a simplified "28th regime", clearer procurement preference and easier talent visas. Industry, investment and R&DPolicy and law VerifiedOpinionAI-drafted OVHcloud posts 6% Q1 revenue growth, presses EU for joint AI plan OVHcloud reported EUR 275.3 million in Q1 FY2026 revenue, up 6.0% organically, and confirmed its annual guidance. CEO Octave Klaba told Reuters the same day that OVHcloud is pushing Brussels toward a pan-European rather than country-by-country approach to AI infrastructure. Industry, investment and R&DCompute and infrastructure VerifiedAI-drafted France's defence ministry notifies framework deal with Mistral AI France's Ministry of Armed Forces notified a multiannual framework agreement giving all armed forces, plus CEA, ONERA and SHOM, access to Mistral AI's generative models, hosted on French infrastructure and managed by the AMIAD defence AI agency. No value was disclosed. Defence and spaceIndustry, investment and R&D ReportedAI-drafted UK commits GBP 210 million to a Government Cyber Action Plan The UK's Department for Science, Innovation and Technology backed a Government Cyber Action Plan with over GBP 210 million, creating a Government Cyber Unit and a Software Security Ambassador Scheme with firms including Cisco and NCC Group. Policy and law VerifiedEditor-read UK cyber resilience bill clears Second Reading, extending NIS duties to cloud and data centres The UK's Cyber Security and Resilience (Network and Information Systems) Bill passed Second Reading in the Commons on 6 January 2026, bringing data centres, cloud services and managed service providers under NIS-style duties aligned with the EU's NIS2 model. Policy and law ReportedEditor-read Spain awards Indra EUR 45 million PAMOV contract for future battle tank Spain's Directorate General of Armament and Material awarded Indra Sistemas a EUR 45 million PAMOV contract to research propulsion, protection, firepower and sensor technologies for a Leopard 2E successor tank, aimed at fleet continuity beyond 2040. Defence and spaceIndustry, investment and R&D ReportedEditor-read EU Defence Fund opens EUR 15 million call for light attack aircraft study The European Defence Fund opened a EUR 15 million call for proposals to study and design a stealth influenced Future Multirole Light Aircraft to replace European air forces' ageing light combat fleets by the mid 2030s. Industry, investment and R&DDefence and space ReportedEditor-read Germany opens BSI portal for NIS2 registration of 29,500 entities BSI opened its new registration portal on 6 January 2026 for roughly 29,500 companies and federal bodies newly obliged under Germany's NIS2 transposition law to register as regulated entities. Policy and law VerifiedAI-drafted Indra completes EUR 725 million purchase of 89.68 percent of Hispasat Indra Group closed its purchase of an 89.68 percent stake in Hispasat on 30 December 2025, worth EUR 725 million, after Spain's Council of Ministers cleared the deal on 16 December. The deal also gives Indra a majority stake in Hisdesat. Defence and spaceIndustry, investment and R&D ReportedEditor-read Prysmian and Fincantieri form venture to buy subsea cable firm Xtera Prysmian and Fincantieri formed an 80:20 joint venture to acquire US submarine telecom firm Xtera for a USD 65 million enterprise value, creating what the companies call "a competitive global player in submarine telecom solutions". Completion is expected in the first quarter of 2026. Industry, investment and R&DCompute and infrastructure VerifiedEditor-read Poland confirms EUR 2 billion anti-drone shield plan for eastern border Poland's defence ministry confirmed a plan, costing more than EUR 2 billion, to build layered anti-drone defences along its borders with Belarus and Kaliningrad within 24 months, funded mainly through EU SAFE loans. No supplier has yet been chosen. Defence and space ReportedEditor-read JRC Scoreboard finds EU R&D growth lags US and China, ICT spending fell The JRC's 2025 Industrial R&D Investment Scoreboard found EU firms spent EUR 233.8 billion on R&D in 2024, growing 2.9 percent against 7.8 percent for the US. It found EU ICT R&D investment fell 8.9 percent while five US firms now take 15 percent of global R&D. Industry, investment and R&D VerifiedEditor-read Sweden orders SEK 1.1 billion Arthur artillery radar systems from Saab Sweden's FMV ordered Saab's upgraded Arthur artillery locating radar for SEK 1.1 billion. It will detect incoming indirect fire up to 100 kilometres away, with deliveries from 2027 and support included. Defence and space VerifiedAI-drafted CPP Investments and Goodman launch EUR 8 billion European data centre venture Canada's CPP Investments and Australia's Goodman Group launched a 50/50, AUSD 14 billion (EUR 8 billion) partnership to build four data centre projects in Frankfurt, Amsterdam and Paris, with an initial EUR 2.2 billion capital commitment. Construction is due to start by June 2026. Compute and infrastructure ReportedEditor-read Tusass wins EU funding for Greenland subsea cable resilience survey Greenland's state telecom Tusass received DKK 66 million (about EUR 8.8 million) from the EU's CEF Digital programme to survey seabed routes for new redundant submarine cables, cutting reliance on its single, decade-old cable. Industry, investment and R&DCompute and infrastructure ReportedEditor-read Pure DC signs lease for entire 78 megawatt Amsterdam hyperscale campus Pure DC signed a lease with an unnamed hyperscale customer for its entire 78 megawatt Amsterdam campus. The deal confirms over EUR 1 billion of investment at the Westpoort site, with data halls due to start building in January 2026. Compute and infrastructure VerifiedAI-drafted EU Council agrees negotiating position on the digital euro and cash status The Council of the EU agreed its negotiating position on the digital euro and on strengthening cash's legal tender status on 19 December 2025. The mandate requires both online and offline availability from launch, with ECB set holding limits reviewed every two years. Policy and law ReportedEditor-read ESA confirms P160C booster upgrade qualified for Ariane 6 and Vega C ESA concluded the qualification review of the upgraded P160C solid rocket booster and confirmed it for operational use on Ariane 6 and Vega C, after an April 2025 test firing, with first flight due on an Ariane 64 mission in 2026. Defence and space ReportedEditor-read Avio signs over EUR 100 million in new Vega C launch contracts Italy's Avio signed two Vega C launch service agreements worth over EUR 100 million combined, for Earth observation satellites to fly between 2028 and 2031, with one European and one non-European customer undisclosed. Defence and space VerifiedAI-drafted Airbus prepares tender to quit US hyperscalers for a sovereign EU cloud Airbus plans to open a request for proposals in January 2026 for a sovereign European cloud contract worth over EUR 50 million, Digital EVP Catherine Jestin told The Register, to move about 900 applications off AWS, Google and Microsoft. Compute and infrastructure ReportedEditor-read UK sets up oversight board after MPs fault its undersea cable defences The UK government responded to a Joint Committee report by creating a Cabinet Office led Undersea Infrastructure Security Oversight Board. It is also updating sabotage risk planning, exploring a sovereign cable repair ship, and requiring landing station operators to hold repair plans. Compute and infrastructurePolicy and law ReportedEditor-read Swiss engineering-AI firm Neural Concept raises EUR 85 million Series C Neural Concept, a Lausanne-based EPFL spin-off making AI-native engineering simulation software, closed a EUR 85 million Series C led by Goldman Sachs Alternatives, with Forestay Capital, Alven, HTGF and D.E. Shaw Ventures also investing. Industry, investment and R&D VerifiedEditor-read Sweden's Lovable raises USD 330 million Series B at USD 6.6 billion valuation Stockholm-based Lovable raised a USD 330 million Series B led by CapitalG and Menlo Ventures, valuing the AI coding platform at USD 6.6 billion, up from USD 1.8 billion five months earlier. Khosla Ventures and Salesforce Ventures also joined. Industry, investment and R&D ReportedEditor-read Germany signs deal to launch Taurus Neo cruise missile production TAURUS Systems, an MBDA/Saab joint venture, signed a contract with Germany's BAAINBw on 18 December 2025 to prepare serial production of the enhanced Taurus Neo cruise missile. MBDA plans to invest EUR 2,400 million by 2029 to ramp up German output. Defence and spaceIndustry, investment and R&D VerifiedEditor-read Germany orders EUR 1.7 billion SAR satellite constellation from Rheinmetall and ICEYE JV Germany's BAAINBw commissioned the Rheinmetall ICEYE Space Solutions joint venture to supply exclusive SAR satellite reconnaissance under a EUR 1.7 billion contract running to 2030. The data will mainly cover NATO's eastern flank via the Lithuania Brigade. Defence and space VerifiedAI-drafted Germany and KfW launch EUR 30 billion Deutschlandfonds for deep tech Germany's federal government and KfW launched the Deutschlandfonds with about EUR 30 billion in public funds and guarantees, targeting EUR 130 billion in total investment. It includes venture capital for deep tech, AI, biotech, defence and critical raw materials. Industry, investment and R&D VerifiedAI-drafted Council lets five EU programmes fund defence under ReArm Europe plan The Council adopted a regulation on 18 December 2025 amending five EU programmes, Digital Europe, the European Defence Fund, Connecting Europe Facility, STEP and Horizon Europe, to allow faster, more coordinated defence-related investment under the ReArm Europe plan. Defence and spacePolicy and law ReportedEditor-read Finland's Cloudberry launches EUR 30 million fund for European chip startups Helsinki and London-based Cloudberry launched a EUR 30 million fund, anchored by Finnish state investor Tesi, billed as Europe's first dedicated semiconductor venture fund. It backs pre-seed and seed firms in chips, photonics and advanced materials. Industry, investment and R&D ReportedEditor-read Sweden and Poland sign MOU on Saab built Orka class submarines Sweden and Poland signed a memorandum of understanding in Warsaw on the Orka submarine programme, under which Saab would build three A26 class submarines for the Polish Navy. The pact formalises November's partner choice and opens contract talks. Defence and space VerifiedEditor-read S3NS wins SecNumCloud qualification for Thales and Google's French cloud ANSSI granted S3NS, the Thales controlled, French law joint venture with Google Cloud, its SecNumCloud 3.2 qualification covering IaaS, PaaS and CaaS together. It is the first such combined qualification and the first Franco-American "cloud de confiance" offer. Compute and infrastructure VerifiedEditor-read NanoXplore raises EUR 20 million from MBDA and Bpifrance for defence FPGAs NanoXplore raised EUR 20 million from MBDA and Bpifrance's Defense Innovation Fund to diversify its radiation hardened FPGA business into defence electronics and fund European acquisitions. The French chipmaker frames the round around building an ITAR free European supply chain. Compute and infrastructureIndustry, investment and R&D VerifiedAI-drafted QuantumBasel takes ownership of IonQ quantum systems in USD 60 million deal Switzerland's QuantumBasel takes ownership of its IonQ Forte Enterprise computer and a future Tempo system, extending IonQ's on-site Basel presence to 2029. The expanded deal totals over USD 60 million. Compute and infrastructure VerifiedAI-drafted Ariane 6 launches two Galileo satellites on Europe's 14th navigation mission Ariane 6 launched Galileo satellites 33 and 34 from Kourou on 17 December 2025, the first Galileo mission flown on Europe's own new rocket. ESA's director general called it proof Europe can design, build, launch and operate critical infrastructure autonomously. Defence and space VerifiedAI-drafted French Senate adopts bill shielding public cloud deals from US law France's Senate adopted a bill requiring public bodies' cloud contracts to include a clause barring submission to foreign extraterritorial laws such as the US CLOUD Act. It now goes to the National Assembly, with implementation delayed a year. Policy and lawCompute and infrastructure VerifiedEditor-read Belgium, Bulgaria, Lithuania and Luxembourg join EU space surveillance pact The European Commission approved Belgium, Bulgaria, Lithuania and Luxembourg as new members of the EU Space Surveillance and Tracking Partnership on 17 December 2025, taking it to 19 states. The partnership networks national sensors to track over 600 satellites and debris. Defence and space VerifiedAI-drafted ASM International agrees non-binding terms for Almere campus expansion ASM International agreed a non-binding Head of Terms with Almere council and Flevoland province for a new headquarters, R&D centre and training facility. The Dutch chip equipment maker costed the project at several hundred million euros, with final terms still to follow. Compute and infrastructureIndustry, investment and R&D VerifiedAI-drafted US suspends GBP 31 billion UK Tech Prosperity Deal over digital tax row The US suspended implementation of its GBP 31 billion UK Tech Prosperity Deal around 16 December 2025 after Britain kept its digital services tax. The pause stalls pledged Microsoft and Google investment in UK data centres; both sides plan to resume talks in January 2026. Policy and lawIndustry, investment and R&D ReportedAbroadEditor-read UK tells MPs it will not revive talks to join EU's SAFE defence fund UK Foreign Secretary Yvette Cooper told the Commons Foreign Affairs Committee on 16 December 2025 that Britain will not restart talks to join the EU's SAFE loan fund, after Brussels quoted a EUR 6 billion entry cost against Canada's EUR 10 million. Defence and spacePolicy and law ReportedEditor-read ICG-backed Templus agrees to buy nine AtlasEdge data centres across Europe Templus, an ICG-backed Southern European data centre platform, agreed to buy nine data centres from AtlasEdge (owned by Liberty Global and DigitalBridge) in Madrid, Barcelona, Milan, Zurich, Paris, Amsterdam, London, Leeds and Copenhagen. Closing is expected in H1 2026. Compute and infrastructure VerifiedEditor-read Spain's AESIA publishes non-binding guidance on complying with the AI Act Spain's AI supervisory agency AESIA published 16 non-binding guides to help companies comply with the EU AI Act, drawn from its regulatory sandbox testing of 12 high-risk systems. The guidance does not alter the underlying legal obligations. Policy and law VerifiedAI-drafted Irish parliamentary committee issues 85 recommendations on AI policy Ireland's Oireachtas AI committee published a First Interim Report with 85 recommendations, including a permanent AI oversight committee, an independent National AI Office and treating the EU AI Act as a floor rather than a ceiling. Policy and law ReportedEditor-read Kongsberg agrees to buy 90 percent of US missile maker Zone 5 Technologies Kongsberg Defence & Aerospace signed an agreement on 16 December 2025 to acquire 90 percent of California based Zone 5 Technologies, a maker of low cost strike and interceptor missiles. The deal still needs regulatory approval before closing. Defence and spaceIndustry, investment and R&D VerifiedAI-drafted DigitalEurope urges a European Quantum Act to scale up the industry DigitalEurope published a position paper urging the Commission's planned Quantum Act to streamline funding and governance, speed up procurement and avoid premature rules. It said Europe draws only 5 percent of global private quantum investment against over 50 percent for the US. Policy and lawIndustry, investment and R&D VerifiedOpinionAI-drafted QuantumDiamonds plans EUR 152 million Munich chip inspection plant Munich spinout QuantumDiamonds announced a EUR 152 million plan to build the first dedicated factory for quantum diamond based chip inspection tools. It is part funded by German federal and Bavarian state money, with the first section due to open in late 2026. Compute and infrastructureIndustry, investment and R&D VerifiedEditor-read Oaktree-backed Pure DC unveils EUR 1 billion hyperscale campus in Amsterdam Oaktree-backed Pure Data Centres unveiled an over EUR 1 billion, 78 megawatt hyperscale campus in Amsterdam's Westpoort, fully leased to one hyperscale customer. Data hall construction starts January 2026. Compute and infrastructure ReportedEditor-read NATO's DIANA accelerator funds 14 Nordic firms in its largest cohort yet NATO's DIANA accelerator picked 150 firms from 24 states for its 2026 Challenge cohort on 15 December 2025, including 14 Nordic companies: five each from Sweden and Norway, two from Denmark, two from Finland. Winners get up to EUR 100,000 in Phase 1 grants. Defence and spaceIndustry, investment and R&D ReportedEditor-read Berlin's Mirelo AI raises USD 41 million seed for AI video sound models Berlin's Mirelo AI GmbH raised a USD 41 million seed round led by Index Ventures and Andreessen Horowitz, with Atlantic.vc and TriplePoint Capital. The money funds its own foundation models for AI generated video sound. Industry, investment and R&D VerifiedAI-drafted Lithuania approves buying 100 Swedish designed CV90 MkIV vehicles Lithuania's State Defence Council approved buying 100 Swedish designed CV90 MkIV infantry fighting vehicles, joining Finland, Sweden, Norway, Estonia and the Netherlands in a six nation programme. Local production and maintenance work is to follow. Defence and space ReportedEditor-read Cyprus and France sign strategic partnership vowing a more sovereign European defence Presidents Christodoulides and Macron signed a ten chapter Cyprus France strategic partnership in Paris, pledging to use SAFE and other EU instruments and build a European Union that is "more sovereign" and able to act autonomously. Defence and space ReportedEditor-read Bonnier Capital invests up to SEK 140 million in AAC Clyde Space's INFLECION project Bonnier Capital agreed a directed share issue of up to SEK 140 million (EUR 12.8 million) in Sweden's AAC Clyde Space, becoming its largest shareholder and fully financing the INFLECION maritime satellite constellation programme. Defence and spaceIndustry, investment and R&D VerifiedAI-drafted Bavaria's planned EUR 1 billion Microsoft deal draws fire for skipping tender Bavaria's finance ministry is negotiating a roughly EUR 1 billion, five year Microsoft framework agreement for state and municipal cloud licensing without a competitive tender. Its own digital minister and over 160 IT firms have publicly challenged the deal on sovereignty grounds. Compute and infrastructurePolicy and law ReportedEditor-read European Commission confirms Japan has applied to join the SAFE defence fund A European Commission spokesperson confirmed Japan has applied to join the EUR 150 billion SAFE defence loan scheme, following Turkey and South Korea, with the request now entering the EU's security assessment process. Defence and space ReportedEditor-read Former ASML chief Wennink urges EUR 150 billion plan for Dutch tech Former ASML chief executive Peter Wennink, in a report commissioned by the Dutch government, called for EUR 151 billion to EUR 187 billion of investment over ten years in digitalisation, AI, security and biotech. He said the EU-US corporate R&D gap had grown to EUR 700 billion a year. Policy and lawIndustry, investment and R&D ReportedOpinionEditor-read Italy's Random Power raises EUR 2.6 million for quantum random number chips Italian quantum firm Random Power raised EUR 2.6 million, co-led by Deep Blue Ventures and Emerald Development Managers, to industrialise a quantum random number generator chip and a multi-generator board for data centres. Compute and infrastructureIndustry, investment and R&D ReportedEditor-read Sweden adopts Cybersecurity Act transposing NIS2, effective January 2026 Sweden's government issued its new Cybersäkerhetslagen (SFS 2025:1506) on 11 December 2025, transposing the EU's NIS2 directive. The law takes effect on 15 January 2026 and requires operators in designated sectors to secure networks and report major incidents. Policy and law VerifiedEditor-read Lithuania's parliament adopts record EUR 4.79 billion 2026 defence budget Lithuania's Seimas adopted the 2026 state budget on an 80 to 39 vote, setting defence spending at EUR 4.79 billion, or 5.38% of GDP, the highest share ever. Most of the sum pays instalments on CV90, Leopard 2A8, Caesar and NASAMS systems already on order. Defence and space ReportedEditor-read EU Council and Parliament agree new rules to screen foreign tech investment The Council and Parliament reached a provisional agreement to revise the EU's foreign investment screening rules. It sets a mandatory minimum scope covering AI, quantum, semiconductors and critical infrastructure, while leaving screening decisions to member states. Policy and lawIndustry, investment and R&D ReportedEditor-read Commission clears EUR 623 million German state aid for two chip fabs The Commission approved EUR 495 million for GlobalFoundries' dual-use Dresden expansion and EUR 128 million for X-FAB's Erfurt foundry, both German state aid under Chips Act rules. Cumulative EU-cleared chip aid now stands at about EUR 13.2 billion. Compute and infrastructureIndustry, investment and R&D VerifiedEditor-read EIB and STMicroelectronics sign EUR 1 billion deal for chip R&D and plants The EIB and STMicroelectronics signed a EUR 1 billion credit line, with a EUR 500 million first tranche: 60 percent for high-volume manufacturing at Catania, Agrate and Crolles, 40 percent for R&D. EIB's Gelsomina Vigliotti said it would strengthen "Europe's technological sovereignty". Industry, investment and R&D VerifiedAI-drafted Earlybird veterans launch U2V fund for European deep-tech spinouts Earlybird-X veterans launched U2V, a deep-tech fund targeting a EUR 60 million close to back pre-seed and seed start-ups spun out of European technical universities, announcing an undisclosed first closing anchored by Jungheinrich's Uplift Ventures. Industry, investment and R&D ReportedEditor-read Rheinmetall UK wins NSPA contract for Trailblazer vision system on M270A2 NATO's NSPA awarded Rheinmetall Electronics UK a mid-single-digit-million-euro contract to fit its UK-made Trailblazer vision system to the British Army's M270A2 rocket launcher. Prototypes arrive in early 2026, with production following. Defence and space VerifiedAI-drafted Rheinmetall buys ammunition storage firm Muni Berka to scale shell output Rheinmetall agreed to buy ammunition storage and disassembly firm Muni Berka, adding capacity for over one million 155mm shells as it scales to 1.5 million artillery projectiles a year by 2030. CEO Armin Papperger called it an investment in Germany's defence capability. Industry, investment and R&DDefence and space VerifiedAI-drafted Kongsberg and Helsing agree to build a sovereign European ISR satellite constellation Kongsberg Defence & Aerospace and Germany's Helsing agreed to build a sovereign European ISR satellite constellation by 2029, pairing Kongsberg satellites with Helsing's AI fusion software and Hensoldt sensors, with Isar Aerospace as preferred launcher. Defence and space ReportedEditor-read Germany rejects new multilateral defence bank, points to existing SAFE fund Germany's finance and defence ministries said on 10 December 2025 that Berlin rejects new multilateral defence financing vehicles, including a proposed European Rearmament Bank. Officials said Germany borrows more cheaply on markets and prefers the existing EU SAFE loan facility. Defence and spacePolicy and law ReportedEditor-read Croatia signs EUR 1,483.9 million Leopard 2A8 deal financed via EU SAFE loans Croatia signed contracts in Berlin on 10 December 2025 for 44 Leopard 2A8 tanks worth EUR 1,483.9 million. EUR 1,140.4 million of that will be financed through the EU's SAFE loan instrument between 2026 and 2030, with deliveries due from 2028. Defence and spacePolicy and law VerifiedAI-drafted Disclosed German legal opinion finds US CLOUD Act reaches EU stored data A University of Cologne legal opinion for Germany's interior ministry, disclosed under freedom of information law, found US agencies can compel cloud data disclosure regardless of EU storage location. The ministry has since tightened confidentiality rules for classified data. Policy and lawCompute and infrastructure ReportedEditor-read France's DGA awards Airbus EUR 50 million framework for sovereign military AI France's DGA awarded Airbus Defence and Space a framework contract worth up to EUR 50 million to integrate AI into French armed forces' weapons, information and cyber systems, starting with the Spationav maritime surveillance system. Defence and space VerifiedAI-drafted Keel laid for UK's third Type 31 frigate HMS Formidable at Rosyth Babcock laid the keel of HMS Formidable, the third of five Type 31 frigates being built at Rosyth for the Royal Navy, marking the start of the ship's main construction phase. Defence and space ReportedEditor-read ERC Consolidator Grant funds UK Spain quantum chip control electronics project The European Research Council granted CIC nanoGUNE's Fernando Gonzalez Zalba, also a Quantum Motion engineer, a Horizon Europe Consolidator Grant for QuDos, building ultra low power qubit control electronics. Compute and infrastructureIndustry, investment and R&D VerifiedEditor-read Infomaniak drops challenge to Swiss extension of hyperscaler cloud deals Infomaniak withdrew its Federal Administrative Court appeal against the Confederation's five year extension of cloud contracts with Amazon, Microsoft, Oracle, IBM and Alibaba. The Federal Chancellery assured a competitive 2026 tender for the Swiss Government Cloud would proceed. Compute and infrastructure ReportedEditor-read EU opens antitrust probe into Google's use of content to train AI The European Commission opened a formal antitrust investigation into Google on 9 December 2025. It is examining whether Google used web publishers' and YouTube creators' content to train AI Overviews and AI Mode without fair pay, consent or equal access for rivals. Policy and law ReportedEditor-read Council agrees position to enable AI gigafactories and quantum pillar in EuroHPC The Council adopted a general approach amending the EuroHPC Regulation to enable up to five AI gigafactories and add a quantum technologies pillar. The position now goes into trilogue talks with Parliament before becoming law. Policy and lawCompute and infrastructure ReportedEditor-read UK MOD unveils Atlantic Bastion autonomous undersea defence programme The UK Ministry of Defence unveiled Atlantic Bastion, naming GBP 14 million already committed this year to autonomous vessels and AI acoustic sensing against Russian threats to undersea infrastructure. Anduril UK, BAE Systems and Helsing are among 26 firms whose proposals are still being assessed. Compute and infrastructureDefence and space VerifiedEditor-read Rheinmetall gets new Bundeswehr order for 120mm tank ammunition Rheinmetall said on 8 December 2025 that the Bundeswehr ordered more 120mm tank ammunition worth several hundred million euros, a call-off under a framework contract raised to about EUR 4 billion in 2023. Defence and space VerifiedEditor-read Sweden orders Kongsberg remote weapon stations for CV90 fleet worth EUR 36.5 million Sweden's FMV ordered Kongsberg Protector RS4 remote weapon stations worth more than SEK 400 million (about EUR 36.5 million) for three CV90 variants and other army vehicles. Defence and space ReportedEditor-read EU Council adopts EUR 1.5 billion European Defence Industry Programme The Council gave final approval to EDIP on 8 December, providing EUR 1.5 billion in grants for 2025 to 2027, including EUR 300 million for Ukraine's defence industry. At least 65% of project costs must originate in the EU or associated states. Defence and spacePolicy and law ReportedEditor-read European Commission awards EU institutions cybersecurity contract to Capgemini group The European Commission awarded its four year MC17 FREIA cybersecurity framework contract to a consortium of Capgemini, Airbus Protect, PwC and Nviso on 8 December 2025. The group will secure 71 EU institutions, bodies and agencies across incident response, risk and training. Policy and law VerifiedAI-drafted Danish pension funds anchor ETNA defence buyout fund with EUR 220 million Danish pension funds PensionDanmark, AP Pension and AkademikerPension anchored the ETNA private equity fund with EUR 220 million. ETNA will make buyout investments in small and medium European defence, cybersecurity and critical infrastructure firms. Industry, investment and R&DDefence and space ReportedEditor-read Croatia signs EUR 328.089 million Caesar howitzer deal with France's KNDS Croatia signed an EUR 328.089 million contract with France's KNDS in Paris for 18 Caesar MkII howitzers and 15 Serval vehicles, plus a letter of intent on Rafale F4 upgrades, partly financed through Croatia's EU SAFE loan envelope. Defence and space ReportedEditor-read Germany's NIS2 cybersecurity law enters into force, covering 29,500 firms Germany's NIS2 Umsetzungsgesetz entered into force on 6 December 2025, recasting the BSI Act. It brings about 29,500 firms in critical sectors under EU cyber duties, including BSI registration, incident reporting and curbs on untrusted critical components. Policy and law VerifiedEditor-read UK and Germany commit GBP 14 million to joint quantum research The UK and Germany committed GBP 14 million for joint quantum work: a GBP 6 million R&D call from Innovate UK and Germany's BMFTR opening in early 2026, plus GBP 8 million for a Fraunhofer photonics centre in Glasgow. Lord Vallance signed a quantum standards pact. Industry, investment and R&D VerifiedEditor-read EU grants EUR 4.97 million more to study the Arctic Polar Connect cable The European Commission's Connecting Europe Facility Digital programme granted EUR 4.97 million for Polar Connect's second phase, a detailed Arctic route study and business model work led by Sweden's Research Council with NORDUnet and Finland's CSC. Compute and infrastructure ReportedEditor-read Ireland funds EUR 470,000 research programme on subsea cable sabotage risk Ireland's Department of Defence and Department of Climate jointly fund a EUR 470,000, two year programme to study sabotage and espionage risks to subsea cables and other maritime infrastructure. It starts in 2026 at Cork's National Maritime College. Compute and infrastructureDefence and space ReportedEditor-read Finland's ICEYE closes EUR 150 million Series E at EUR 2.4 billion valuation Finland's ICEYE closed a EUR 150 million Series E plus a EUR 50 million secondary sale, led by General Catalyst with Bpifrance and Finnish state investors joining. CEO Rafal Modrzewski said it gives Europe "greater control over their own space-based intelligence". Industry, investment and R&DDefence and space VerifiedEditor-read EU supervisors designate IBM a critical third party provider under DORA The EU's three financial supervisory authorities designated IBM a critical third party ICT provider under the Digital Operational Resilience Act. The designation puts IBM directly in scope for EU oversight of its services to European banks and insurers. Policy and lawCompute and infrastructure VerifiedAI-drafted European Commission fines X EUR 120 million for Digital Services Act breaches The European Commission fined X EUR 120 million, its first non-compliance decision under the Digital Services Act. It cited deceptive blue-checkmark verification, an inaccessible ad repository and blocked researcher access to platform data. Policy and law VerifiedAI-drafted Avio signs EUR 35 million MBDA order for air defence rocket motors Avio signed two production orders worth over EUR 35 million with MBDA on 5 December 2025 to supply solid rocket motors and aerodynamic surfaces for an air defence system. The orders run over an average five year production period. Defence and space VerifiedAI-drafted UK and Norway sign Lunna House pact to counter Russian undersea threat The UK and Norway signed the Lunna House Agreement on 4 December 2025 to operate their navies as one against Russian submarine and undersea sabotage threats. It covers a GBP 10 billion Type 26 frigate programme, joint patrols and Norwegian strike missile adoption by the UK. Defence and space VerifiedEditor-read Swiss SEALSQ invests in US quantum start-up EeroQ's 'Made in USA' bet SEALSQ, the Swiss chip-security firm, made an undisclosed strategic investment in US quantum start-up EeroQ, calling it part of a "Quantum Made in USA" strategy to back EeroQ's helium-based qubit chips. Industry, investment and R&D VerifiedAI-drafted European chip designer Openchip opens RISC-V design centre in Limerick Openchip, a Barcelona based RISC-V accelerator chip designer recognised under an EU IPCEI, opened a Limerick design centre with about 40 staff set to grow to 70 within a year. Ireland's IDA backed the move under its national semiconductor strategy. Compute and infrastructure ReportedEditor-read MBDA and Lockheed Martin pass ground tests integrating Meteor on F-35A MBDA and Lockheed Martin completed ground vibration and fit tests proving Europe's Meteor missile can be stowed and fired from the F-35A's internal bay without breaking stealth. One more ground test remains before flight trials begin. Defence and space VerifiedAI-drafted France's DGE and Business France publish a 63 site data centre siting guide France's DGE and Business France published a siting guide naming 63 sites suited to data centres, with criteria and a fast track for projects of national interest. Ministers Lescure and Le Henanff presented it on 4 December 2025. Compute and infrastructurePolicy and law ReportedEditor-read Commission and EIB Group team up to back EU's planned AI Gigafactories The Commission and the EIB Group signed a memorandum to support the EUR 20 billion InvestAI AI Gigafactories programme. A call for interest is planned for early 2026 after 76 expressions of interest from 16 member states for up to five sites. Compute and infrastructure VerifiedEditor-read Denmark orders more IRIS-T SLM air defence units from Germany's Diehl Denmark signed a contract with Germany's Diehl Defence on 4 December for more IRIS-T SLM fire units under the European Sky Shield Initiative, forming part of its permanent surface based air and missile defence solution. Eleven ESSI states now field the system. Defence and space VerifiedAI-drafted Croatia's cabinet approves EUR 2,180 million defence modernisation package Croatia's cabinet approved a EUR 2,180 million modernisation package covering anti-drone systems, Caesar howitzers, Leopard 2A8 tanks and Tatra trucks. Much of the money runs through the EU's SAFE loan instrument alongside national budget funds. Defence and space ReportedEditor-read UK begins building Fleet Solid Support ship RFA Resurgent at Appledore The UK Ministry of Defence cut steel on RFA Resurgent, the first Fleet Solid Support ship, at Navantia UK's Appledore yard. London is putting GBP 115 million into four shipyards across Appledore, Belfast and beyond, creating 1,200 jobs. Defence and space VerifiedAI-drafted French Cyber Task Force report finds seven providers hold SecNumCloud label France's Cyber Task Force industry body published its first Observatoire SecNumCloud, counting seven cloud providers already ANSSI qualified and twelve more in the pipeline. It valued the sovereign cloud market at EUR 18 million. Compute and infrastructurePolicy and law ReportedEditor-read Romania buys Turkish built Hisar class corvette for EUR 223 million Romania's defence ministry signed a EUR 223 million contract with Turkey's ASFAT for the Hisar class corvette TCG Akhisar, Turkiye's first corvette export to a NATO and EU member state. Defence and space ReportedEditor-read Leonardo's KRONOS radar guides SAMP/T NG missile to record intercept Leonardo's KRONOS Grand Mobile radar guided an Italian SAMP/T NG missile to its longest intercept yet in a 3 December live trial, part of the Eurosam system under Italy's Michelangelo Security Dome programme. Leonardo called the radar Europe's best in class. Defence and space VerifiedAI-drafted German cabinet gives Digital Ministry veto over federal IT spending Germany's federal cabinet gave the Digital Ministry an approval requirement over significant federal IT spending, covering projects above EUR 500,000 a year or EUR 3 million in total. Military, police, intelligence and tax systems are excluded. Policy and law VerifiedEditor-read Bundeswehr activates first Arrow missile defence battery, built in Israel Germany's Bundeswehr activated its first Arrow missile defence battery at Holzdorf on 3 December 2025, reaching initial operational capability. The system is built by Israel's IAI with MBDA Deutschland as industrial partner. Defence and space ReportedEditor-read Commission adopts ReSourceEU plan, pledges EUR 3 billion for raw materials The European Commission adopted the ReSourceEU Action Plan, pledging to mobilise up to EUR 3 billion over 12 months for critical raw materials projects. It targets cutting dependency on any single foreign supplier by 30 to 50 percent by 2029. Industry, investment and R&DPolicy and law VerifiedEditor-read EU Commission and Kallas adopt joint communication on economic security The Commission and High Representative Kaja Kallas adopted a Joint Communication on strengthening EU economic security. It pledges tighter, more proactive screening of foreign investment and funding priority for projects cutting EU reliance on foreign chips, quantum tech and other critical inputs. Policy and lawIndustry, investment and R&D ReportedEditor-read French CRM firm Brevo raises EUR 500 million, becomes a unicorn Brevo, the French CRM and marketing platform formerly known as Sendinblue, raised EUR 500 million from General Atlantic and Oakley Capital, crossing a USD 1 billion valuation as Bpifrance and Bridgepoint retained a reduced stake. Industry, investment and R&D ReportedEditor-read Barcelona's Titan OS raises EUR 50 million to build a European TV OS Barcelona's Titan OS raised a EUR 50 million Series A led by Highland Europe, with Mangrove Capital Partners, to grow its independent smart-TV platform rivalling Google TV, Roku and Amazon Fire TV. Industry, investment and R&D VerifiedAI-drafted Saab signs EUR 34 million framework to supply Spain's army live training system Saab signed a framework agreement worth up to EUR 34 million with Spain's army to supply its GAMER live training system, including detection devices and weapon kits, delivered with local partner Tecnobit. Defence and space VerifiedAI-drafted Portugal and ICEYE sign contract for air force's first owned satellite ICEYE and the Portuguese Air Force signed a contract, entered into force on 2 December, for Portugal's first fully owned synthetic aperture radar satellite, giving the Air Force direct control over tasking and data from its own reconnaissance satellite. Defence and space VerifiedAI-drafted Luxembourg unveils service catalogue of its EuroHPC backed AI Factory Digitalisation Minister Stephanie Obertin unveiled the Luxembourg AI Factory's live service catalogue at Data Summit Luxembourg. It offers six service lines for AI adoption through a consortium of LuxProvide, Luxinnovation, the national data service and the University of Luxembourg. Compute and infrastructure VerifiedEditor-read Commission signs EUR 1 billion European Defence Fund grants for 62 projects The European Commission signed grant agreements worth around EUR 1 billion for 62 European Defence Fund projects in air defence, drones, AI and quantum. Over 600 entities from member states and Norway take part. Industry, investment and R&DDefence and space VerifiedAI-drafted Bulgaria submits EUR 3.2 billion funding request under EU's SAFE instrument Bulgaria's defence ministry confirmed it submitted a EUR 3.2 billion funding request to the European Commission under the EU's SAFE instrument, meeting the 30 November national investment plan deadline. The plan covers radars, air defence and artillery through 2030. Defence and spacePolicy and law ReportedEditor-read Kallas tells EU defence ministers Europe must keep boosting its own defences EU foreign and defence policy chief Kaja Kallas told the Foreign Affairs Council that Europe must keep boosting its own defences and called multiyear funding for Ukraine a "game changer", while SAFE plans from nineteen states await Commission evaluation. Defence and space VerifiedOpinionEditor-read Saab wins third Lithuanian MSHORAD air defence battery worth EUR 130 million Lithuania ordered a third Mobile Short Range Air Defence battery from Sweden's Saab, worth about SEK 1.4 billion (EUR 130 million). The RBS 70 NG missiles and Giraffe 1X radar will be delivered on Oshkosh vehicles between 2026 and 2030. Defence and space VerifiedAI-drafted Isar Aerospace wins ESA contract to launch EU tech demo mission Isar Aerospace signed an ESA contract on 1 December 2025 to launch the EU's SYNDEO-3 in orbit demonstration mission, carrying ten European payloads, on its Spectrum rocket no earlier than the fourth quarter of 2026. Defence and space ReportedEditor-read Canada joins EU's EUR 150 billion SAFE defence procurement fund Canada concluded talks to join the EU's SAFE defence loan instrument, worth EUR 150 billion, becoming the first non-European state inside it. The deal lets Canadian firms bid for SAFE financed joint procurement alongside EU suppliers. Defence and spacePolicy and law VerifiedEditor-read Black Forest Labs raises USD 300 million Series B at USD 3.25 billion valuation Germany's Black Forest Labs, maker of the FLUX image models, raised a USD 300 million Series B led by AMP and Salesforce Ventures, valuing it at USD 3.25 billion. Nvidia, Canva and Figma Ventures joined the round. Industry, investment and R&D ReportedEditor-read Turkey and South Korea miss EU deadline to join SAFE defence loan fund Turkey and South Korea missed the European Commission's 30 November deadline to finalise the agreements needed for third country access to the EUR 150 billion SAFE defence loan fund, their applications still under review. Defence and spacePolicy and law ReportedEditor-read Deutsche Telekom and Schwarz Group in advanced talks on EU AI gigafactory bid Deutsche Telekom and Schwarz Group are in advanced talks to jointly bid for EU AI gigafactory funding, Handelsblatt reported citing insiders. Telekom confirmed wanting to host the gigafactory in Germany; no site or funding figure is fixed. Compute and infrastructure VerifiedEditor-read French government publishes guide to steer data centre siting across 63 sites France's Direction generale des Entreprises published a guide identifying 63 sites suited to hosting data centres and consolidating support from regional agencies, energy transition aid and fiscal advice for developers and local authorities. Compute and infrastructurePolicy and law VerifiedAI-drafted Rolls-Royce, Riverlane and Xanadu cut jet engine quantum simulation to an hour Rolls-Royce, Riverlane and Xanadu said their combined quantum classical pipeline cut jet engine airflow simulation times from weeks to under an hour, a speed up of up to 1,000 fold, under UK and Canadian government funding. Compute and infrastructure VerifiedAI-drafted ESA ministerial subscribes EUR 2.1 billion for secure space connectivity ESA Member States and Canada subscribed over EUR 2.1 billion for secure connectivity programmes ARTES 4.0, IRIS2 and Moonlight at the CM25 ministerial in Bremen. Director Laurent Jaffart welcomed the commitment to resilient European space links. Defence and space VerifiedAI-drafted EIF commits EUR 30 million to Indico Capital's EUR 125 million tech fund The European Investment Fund committed EUR 30 million as anchor investor to Indico Capital Partners' new EUR 125 million fund backing early stage AI, deep tech, spacetech and oceantech firms in Portugal, Spain and Italy. Industry, investment and R&D VerifiedAI-drafted Canada confirms EUR 407.71 million investment in ESA programmes Canada confirmed a EUR 407.71 million (about CAD 664.6 million) commitment to ESA programmes after the Bremen ministerial, split across Earth observation, exploration, satellite communications, technology and space safety. Defence and space VerifiedAI-drafted SAP unveils EU AI Cloud, unifying its sovereign cloud and AI product line SAP launched EU AI Cloud, bundling its sovereign cloud and AI products under one framework. It added Cohere's agentic AI to SAP BTP with EU data residency, alongside Delos Cloud, on-site and hyperscaler options. Compute and infrastructure VerifiedAI-drafted Rheinmetall wins Danish framework deal for up to 1,000 logistics trucks Denmark's DALO awarded Rheinmetall MAN a framework for up to 1,000 HX and TG trucks, with an initial call-off of over 100 vehicles in the double-digit-million-euro range. The order equips a new Danish heavy infantry brigade and extends fleet support four years. Defence and space VerifiedAI-drafted Leonardo CEO unveils Michelangelo Dome, a European multi domain defence architecture Leonardo CEO Roberto Cingolani unveiled Michelangelo Dome, an integrated air, missile, maritime and cyber defence architecture combining sensors, AI and command systems. He said it advances European strategic autonomy and deeper NATO integration. Defence and space VerifiedEditor-read ESA and Portugal sign Santa Maria Space Hub deal as Space Rider slips to 2028 ESA and Portugal signed a cooperation deal to build a Space Rider landing site on the Azores island of Santa Maria, as ESA confirmed the reusable spaceplane's first flight is now planned for 2028. Defence and space ReportedEditor-read ESA ministerial commits to being anchor customer for cargo return craft ESA's Bremen ministerial agreed to fully fund Phase 2 of its LEO Cargo Return Service and to become the anchor customer for the resulting vehicles. Thales Alenia Space and The Exploration Company are building demonstrators for ISS flights by 2029. Defence and spaceIndustry, investment and R&D ReportedEditor-read ESA ministerial subscribes EUR 2.9 billion for exploration, 20 percent short ESA member states subscribed just over EUR 2.9 billion for Human and Robotic Exploration at the Bremen ministerial, more than 20 percent below the EUR 3.7 billion ESA had requested for Moon, Mars and ISS work. Defence and space ReportedEditor-read ESA earmarks over EUR 900 million for European Launcher Challenge ESA earmarked over EUR 900 million at its Bremen ministerial council for the European Launcher Challenge, backing contenders including Isar Aerospace, Orbex and MaiaSpace to build Europe's own route to orbit. Defence and space VerifiedEditor-read Cyprus cabinet approves EUR 1.2 billion SAFE armaments procurement list Cyprus's cabinet approved an armaments list worth about EUR 1.2 billion on 27 November 2025 for procurement through the EU's SAFE instrument. President Christodoulides cited Turkish occupation and Cyprus's EU membership in the decision. Defence and spacePolicy and law ReportedEditor-read UK halts Ajax armoured vehicle trials again after IOC declaration Trials of the British Army's Ajax armoured vehicle were halted again after soldiers reported noise and vibration symptoms during an exercise, three weeks after initial operational capability had been declared on 6 November 2025. Defence and space ReportedEditor-read Swiss Federal Council adopts report on Switzerland's digital sovereignty Switzerland's Federal Council adopted a report on the country's digital sovereignty, defining it as the capacity to control and act in digital space. It sets up an interdepartmental SEPOS led working group and endorses existing hybrid multi-cloud and open-source strategies. Policy and law VerifiedEditor-read Rheinmetall signs NATO order for HERO loitering munitions Rheinmetall said it will supply several hundred HERO loitering munitions, built at RWM Italia with Israeli UVision technology, to an undisclosed NATO state in a low three digit million euro deal, deliveries from Q1 2026. Defence and space VerifiedAI-drafted Poland selects Sweden's Saab A26 submarine design for Orka programme Poland selected Sweden's Saab A26 Blekinge class design, built with Swedish state agency FMV, for its Orka submarine programme, passing over Germany's TKMS and a French Spanish Scorpene bid. Minister Kosiniak Kamysz called it a new Baltic security architecture. Defence and space ReportedEditor-read Tusk says Poland will draw EUR 44 billion in EU SAFE defence loans Polish prime minister Donald Tusk said Poland will draw about EUR 44 billion (USD 51 billion) in EU SAFE loans for drones, space projects, defence AI, and Baltic sea and border capability. No supplier has yet been chosen and the loan is not yet signed. Defence and space ReportedEditor-read Poland signs USD 4.7 billion FMS contract for 96 Boeing AH-64E Apaches Poland signed a Foreign Military Sales contract worth nearly USD 4.7 billion (EUR 4 billion) for 96 Boeing AH-64E Apache helicopters, the largest Apache order outside the United States. Deliveries begin in 2028. Defence and space VerifiedEditor-read Germany's Euroatlas signs over EUR 100 million in Greyshark underwater drone deals Bremen based Euroatlas signed its first two Greyshark underwater drone contracts, worth more than EUR 100 million combined, with two unnamed European governments for undersea cable and submarine monitoring. Defence and space ReportedEditor-read Copernicus Sentinel-1D and Sentinel-5A deliver their first images The European Commission said Copernicus Sentinel-1D, launched 4 November on Ariane 6, returned its first radar images, of northern Germany. Sentinel-5A, launched in August, began delivering ozone and formaldehyde atmospheric data. Defence and space VerifiedAI-drafted Saab wins SEK 2.1 billion Swedish order for air defence systems Saab said Sweden's FMV ordered its LSS Lv command and control system and Giraffe 1X radar for ground based air defence, worth about SEK 2.1 billion (EUR 185 million), deliveries in 2027 and 2028. Defence and space VerifiedEditor-read Rheinmetall and Varjo partner on mixed-reality defence training Rheinmetall and Finland's Varjo agreed to integrate Varjo's XR-4 headsets into Rheinmetall's driving and weapon simulators, to scale training across Europe and NATO without relying on large fixed-site facilities. Defence and space VerifiedAI-drafted Navantia and EU partners unveil shared EDINAF digital naval architecture Navantia and 31 partners across eight states closed the EU funded EDINAF project, unveiling a shared digital naval architecture for future European warships. A demonstration coordinated an unmanned vessel with a naval base while resisting a simulated cyberattack. Defence and space VerifiedAI-drafted European Parliament approves EUR 1.5 billion EU defence industry programme The European Parliament approved the EU's first European Defence Industry Programme (EDIP) by 457 votes to 148, backing EUR 1.5 billion for 2025 to 2027. The law requires projects to involve four or more states and caps non EU content at 35 percent. Defence and spacePolicy and law VerifiedEditor-read