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Opinion

These are published positions from the voices the Monitor follows and from named public figures. Each one records that someone argued something, which is no evidence that it is true, and none of them moves the sovereignty index; when an institution later acts, that action is recorded as news.

Who the voices are, who they speak for, and how they are chosen

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EU's Virkkunen says AI chip work must stay with trusted partners At Web Summit Lisbon, Commissioner Henna Virkkunen said the EU should work only with highly trusted partners on AI microchips, naming the US as Europe's closest security and technology ally while guarding sensitive chip know-how. Compute and infrastructurePolicy and law ReportedAI-drafted Digital SME Alliance says EU's Digital Networks Act must look beyond telecoms Digital SME Alliance Secretary General Sebastiano Toffaletti argues the EU's Digital Networks Act should extend open-internet obligations beyond telecoms to dominant cloud and AI platforms, not just rebalance power among incumbent operators. Policy and law VerifiedAI-drafted DIGITALEUROPE urges MEPs to adopt nine fixes to EU's Digital Omnibus DIGITALEUROPE sent MEPs an open letter urging nine fixes to the Digital Omnibus, including legitimate interest for AI training and a single incident-reporting rulebook. It cites Draghi's EUR 10 million GDPR compliance-cost estimate for larger firms. Policy and law VerifiedAI-drafted Infineon's Hanebeck says Europe needs a level playing field to expand chip capacity Infineon CEO Jochen Hanebeck told an industry event in Munich that further European chip capacity expansion needs customer commitments and sustained government support. He said Europe's position is "certainly not a level playing field" against other regions. Compute and infrastructureIndustry, investment and R&D ReportedAI-drafted Mensch casts AI sovereignty as a trade balance problem needing state guarantees Mistral AI chief executive Arthur Mensch argued AI sovereignty is a trade balance problem, not symbolism, since spending on core AI processes should stay local. He urged governments to guarantee long term data centre leases and to speed up permitting and site designation. Compute and infrastructurePolicy and law ReportedAI-drafted CEPA fellow Bajarūnas says NATO must urgently assess Arctic satellite risks CEPA fellow Eitvydas Bajarūnas writes that NATO must urgently assess Arctic vulnerabilities in satellite services, ground stations and undersea cables, citing a foiled Russian covert operation near Svalbard in September 2026. Defence and space VerifiedAbroadAI-drafted FFO says UK court lets Ofcom demand data before deciding its use Foundation for Freedom Online says the UK High Court's 30 October ruling gives Ofcom sweeping power to demand years of platform moderation data from Meta, WhatsApp, TikTok and X under the Online Safety Act without a specific inquiry in mind. Policy and law ReportedAbroadAI-drafted DigitalEurope and 22 bodies urge swift citation of Cyber Resilience Act standards DigitalEurope and 22 other industry bodies urged the European Commission to swiftly cite upcoming EN IEC 62443 harmonised standards in the Official Journal once CENELEC submits them, under the Cyber Resilience Act's standardisation request M/606. Policy and law VerifiedAI-drafted CISPE urges EU not to weaken Cloud and AI Development Act in trilogue rush CISPE warns the Irish Presidency's compromise text on the EU Cloud and AI Development Act weakens data residency, procurement scope and the 25 percent SME target, and urges lawmakers not to rush amendments. Policy and law VerifiedAI-drafted EDRi says EU Council's Digital Omnibus deal weakens data protection rights EDRi says the Council's 21 October negotiating position on the Digital Omnibus lets firms invoke "legitimate interest" for AI training and treat pseudonymised data as non personal for third parties, weakening EU data protection. Policy and law VerifiedAI-drafted CEPA opinion warns Balkan networks remain exposed to Chinese, Russian cyber risk CEPA publishes Emir Kremic's warning that Huawei dominates Bosnia's two largest mobile operators, leaving Balkan networks exposed to Chinese and Russian threats. He says Brussels and NATO should fund cyber resilience rather than wait on a US bill. Policy and law VerifiedAbroadAI-drafted CEPA op-ed urges Europe to break Starlink reliance after Ukraine was throttled CEPA's Europe's Edge publishes David Axe arguing Europe must break its reliance on Elon Musk's Starlink after SpaceX briefly throttled Ukraine's terminals in October. He contrasts Starlink's scale with Eutelsat, SES and the slow-arriving IRIS2 programme. Defence and space VerifiedAbroadAI-drafted IQM's Goetz urges EU chip fab push and DARPA style buying ahead of Quantum Act IQM CEO Jan Goetz said Europe holds about 44 percent of global quantum patents and USD 10 billion in public funding, but only 12 percent of private quantum capital. He urged a European chip fab push and DARPA style buying ahead of the EU Quantum Act. Compute and infrastructurePolicy and law VerifiedAI-drafted CEPA opinion warns allied tungsten deals could split US and EU access Former Slovak ambassador Ivo Hlavacek, writing for CEPA, warns Pentagon-backed deals like Elmet's stake in Vietnam's Masan risk reallocating tungsten supply between allies rather than adding to it. He urges EU financing and stockpile contracts to carry binding allied-access terms. Industry, investment and R&D VerifiedAbroadAI-drafted CEPA fellow Echikson: EU-Canada partnership should centre on digital policy CEPA fellow William Echikson argues the EU-Canada associate membership should put digital policy first, with binding rules on data, procurement and mutual recognition. He warns EU sovereignty rules risk excluding Canadian firms. Policy and law VerifiedAbroadAI-drafted ECIPE urges EU to define cloud sovereignty by control, not ownership ECIPE's Fredrik Erixon and Dyuti Pandya argue the EU's draft Cloud and AI Development Act should define sovereignty as business control over data, not EU ownership. They warn its tiered assurance rules, which favour EU-owned suppliers, risk excluding competitive non-EU cloud providers. Policy and law VerifiedAI-drafted Mistral's Mensch warns Europe risks a "complete trap" without its own AI Mistral AI CEO Arthur Mensch told POLITICO Europe risks a "complete trap" without its own frontier AI models. He dismissed national plans such as Germany's KI Nation 2030, calling for one European strategy, and named capital and compute as the real constraint. Compute and infrastructurePolicy and law ReportedAI-drafted Merz says Google Cloud is sovereign enough for Germany's spy agencies At Berlin's Digitalgipfel, Chancellor Merz said Germany should not seek digital "autarky" and that Google Cloud can be sovereign enough for intelligence agencies' data. He announced no new funding, rule or deadline. Compute and infrastructurePolicy and law VerifiedAI-drafted DigitalEurope urges EU to turn validated defence tech into fielded capability by 2030 DigitalEurope published five recommendations urging the EU to speed procurement, treat AI, cloud, drones and secure connectivity as core defence capabilities, and build a scaled European defence market by 2030. Defence and space ReportedAI-drafted DigitalEurope urges proportionate CSA2 ICT supply-chain rules for connected cars DigitalEurope says the EU's proposed Cybersecurity Act 2 ICT supply chain rules should scale with a vehicle's actual connectivity and remote access risk. It argues against applying the same rules uniformly across all connected vehicle manufacturers. Policy and law VerifiedAI-drafted OpenForum Europe urges EU to fund open-source maintenance instrument, OSPOs OpenForum Europe says the EU must launch and fund its open-source maintenance instrument, clarify procurement guidance and resource the OSPO network. It cites a DG CNECT speaker's claim that EU firms get only 8 percent of global venture capital against 77 percent in the US. Policy and law ReportedAI-drafted DIGITALEUROPE and Canadian partners call for EU-Canada tech alliance DIGITALEUROPE and Canadian partners TECHNATION, CEUTIA and Qorsa urged an EU-Canada tech alliance ahead of the 2026 summit. They want a digital trade deal, a joint scale-up fund and cooperation on AI, quantum, semiconductors and cybersecurity. Policy and lawIndustry, investment and R&D VerifiedAI-drafted CCIA Europe urges UK Chancellor Healey to ease AI rules after Budget CCIA Europe's London office urges Chancellor Healey to ease AI rules and speed data-centre delivery after the Budget. It cites OBR scenarios where AI growth could add GBP 14.5 billion to GBP 66.5 billion to UK fiscal headroom by 2030. Policy and law ReportedAI-drafted CEPA researcher Anda Bologa says the EU must weigh DMA and GDPR together CEPA researcher Anda Bologa argues EU regulators must assess the Digital Markets Act and GDPR together, since DMA access rules for rivals collide with GDPR limits on sharing personal data. She calls for case by case rulings, not abstract guidance. Policy and law VerifiedAbroadAI-drafted CCIA Europe urges Lithuania to resist tech protectionism as EU presidency CCIA Europe's Alexandre Roure urged Lithuania's 2027 Council presidency to reject origin based restrictions on digital services. He warned the Cloud and AI Development Act and Digital Networks Act risk new red tape and network fees. Policy and law ReportedAI-drafted ECIPE paper urges EU to swap quantum "sovereignty" for managed interdependence ECIPE researchers Erixon, Dugo and Pandya argue the EU should abandon full quantum self-sufficiency for "managed interdependence": controlling only acute strategic dependencies while keeping the cross-border links quantum firms need to compete. Policy and lawCompute and infrastructure VerifiedAI-drafted CEPA opinion: Ukraine needs lasting AI cyber defence, EU must operationalise Solidarity Act CEPA's Ilves and Rogers write that AI driven attacks on Ukraine rose 2500 percent in H1 2026, and urge the EU to make its Cyber Solidarity Act operational with exercises, not more reporting. Defence and spacePolicy and law VerifiedAbroadAI-drafted DIGITALEUROPE's Bonefeld-Dahl: sovereignty rules need high fences only for sensitive fields DIGITALEUROPE's Bonefeld-Dahl argues the Cloud and AI Development Act should reserve strict sovereignty rules for sensitive public workloads, such as defence and justice. She warns 27 fragmented national regimes could cost firms EUR 2 million per digital service. Policy and law VerifiedAI-drafted FFO says Ofcom cannot enforce Online Safety Act fines on US websites FFO says Ofcom chief executive Dawes told a Commons committee on 20 October that enforcing fines on foreign sites may fail, citing an unpaid GBP 520,000 Online Safety Act fine against 4chan. The framing is FFO's own. Policy and law ReportedAbroadAI-drafted ECIPE economist Guinea argues Europe should diversify, not go self-sufficient ECIPE economist Oscar Guinea says Europe should counter economic dependence through diversification and competitiveness, not self sufficiency. He cites the EU's 204 sensitive imports and Russian gas falling from 45 to 12 percent of EU imports. Industry, investment and R&DPolicy and law VerifiedAI-drafted CCIA Europe warns planned Digital Fairness Act would duplicate existing EU rules CCIA Europe says the Commission's planned Digital Fairness Act, due 11 November 2026, would duplicate rules already in the GDPR, DSA, UCPD, CRD and AVMSD. It argues weak enforcement, not a legal gap, is the real problem. Policy and law ReportedAI-drafted CEPA analyst warns China's mineral grip threatens Europe's drone race CEPA analyst Nathan Alan-Lee warns China's control of critical mineral refining, with European gallium and germanium prices three to five times Chinese levels, threatens Europe's EUR 10.5 billion drone investment boom and its CRMA refining targets. Defence and space VerifiedAbroadAI-drafted CISPE says EUR 115 billion cloud switching cost nets Europe EUR 2 trillion back CISPE said shifting from US cloud and software would cost Europe EUR 115 billion over ten years but return EUR 2.2 trillion, and urged the Cloud and AI Development Act to favour genuinely sovereign EU providers. Compute and infrastructurePolicy and law VerifiedAI-drafted ECIPE paper: EU cloud sovereignty rules push 100 percent domestic awards ECIPE's Bauer, Dugo, Erixon, Pandya and Sisto analyse 8,725 EU cloud contracts (2018 to 2025): sovereignty rules push sole-bidder rates from 28 percent to 46 percent and yield 100 percent domestic awards. They say the Cloud and AI Development Act conflates security with ownership. Policy and law VerifiedAI-drafted CCIA's UK office presses CMA over Microsoft licensing, says no deadline set CCIA's Matthew Sinclair welcomed the UK CMA's continuing probe into Microsoft's software licensing restrictions, but said it set no firm timeline for action, and urged curbs so British businesses and the public sector can pick cloud providers freely. Policy and law ReportedAI-drafted Mistral CEO Mensch tells Europe to "build or surrender" on frontier AI Mistral CEO Arthur Mensch wrote in a LinkedIn essay that ceding frontier AI to the US and China is a fundamental mistake. He said Europe pays EUR 260 billion yearly to US cloud providers and pledged to raise capital to grow Mistral's compute sixfold. Compute and infrastructureIndustry, investment and R&D VerifiedAI-drafted Commissioner Virkkunen says Commission is not "in the pockets" of big tech Commissioner Virkkunen said the European Commission is not "in the pockets" of big tech, rejecting claims that Digital Markets Act enforcement against Apple, Meta and Google has softened under US political pressure. Industry, investment and R&DPolicy and law ReportedAI-drafted SWP analyst says Germany and Europe must build long range naval power for sea lanes SWP's Julian Pawlak argues Germany and Europe must build capability for sustained long range naval operations, show political will to project power, and deepen cooperation with partners to protect sea lanes, since European navies are focused on deterring Russia. Defence and space VerifiedAI-drafted FFO says US-funded Atlantic Council is lobbying EU to fund DSA/DMA/AI Act enforcers FFO says the US funded Atlantic Council is pressing Brussels to steer AgoraEU funding (EUR 8.6 billion for 2028 to 2034) into a EUR 1 billion endowment for groups enforcing the DSA, DMA and AI Act. Policy and law ReportedAbroadAI-drafted Orange Wholesale chief Trabbia says sovereignty means owning physical infrastructure Orange Wholesale CEO Michael Trabbia told Capacity Europe that sovereignty cannot be separated from physical infrastructure, saying control of networks and data centres, not AI models alone, decides who controls technology. Compute and infrastructure ReportedAI-drafted Ex-Ericsson CEO Ekholm tells CEPA gala West must unite on AI, reject blocs Former Ericsson chief executive Borje Ekholm told CEPA's awards gala that democracies must unite on AI rather than pursue separate sovereignty blocs, warning that autocracies are gaining a technological edge. Compute and infrastructure VerifiedAbroadAI-drafted CEPA fellow urges UK PM Burnham to protect chip and AI firms, mobilise pensions CEPA fellow Christopher Cytera urges UK Prime Minister Andy Burnham to protect strategic chip and AI firms from foreign takeover, mobilise pension fund capital and forge a formal UK-EU semiconductor partnership instead of isolation. Compute and infrastructureIndustry, investment and R&D VerifiedAbroadAI-drafted CEPA analyst says Washington could defuse Europe's AI "kill switch" fears CEPA's Nick Reiners argues Washington could calm European "kill switch" fears by guaranteeing AI access, after June's Anthropic model cutoff and the EU's entry into the Pax Silica chip alliance. Policy and lawCompute and infrastructure ReportedAbroadAI-drafted CEPA says Europe's rearmament can survive steel industry's decline CEPA argues EU defence spending of EUR 418 billion in 2025 can outlast the steel sector's fall to a record low 125.8 million tonnes. It warns specialist suppliers of armour plate and naval steel, unlike bulk producers, are hard to replace and need distinct support. Defence and spaceIndustry, investment and R&D ReportedAbroadAI-drafted ECIPE: EU telecoms rules squander Europe's edge over US network operators ECIPE's Guinea and Pandya say EU telecoms rules squander Europe's lead over Nokia and Ericsson's US rivals. They cite a 0.85 EU regulatory restrictiveness score against 0.2 in the US and urge looser Digital Networks Act rules. Policy and law VerifiedAI-drafted ECIPE: Cloud and AI Development Act could cost EU up to EUR 115 billion by 2036 ECIPE economist Matthias Bauer estimates the Cloud and AI Development Act could cost the EU EUR 115 billion by 2036 in its central scenario. Most of that is software rewriting and higher cloud prices, costs he says the Commission's own assessment omitted. Policy and lawCompute and infrastructure VerifiedAI-drafted Ribera urges faster IPCEIs to build Europe's strategic industrial capacity Commission Executive Vice-President Teresa Ribera told a BusinessEurope event that IPCEI approvals must move faster. She linked them to the planned Competitiveness Fund and Horizon Europe and warned delay can cost Europe AI and chip technologies. Industry, investment and R&DPolicy and law ReportedAI-drafted FFO says EU AI Act already lets Brussels force deep access into AI labs FFO says the EU AI Act already lets Brussels force AI labs to open code, weights and infrastructure to regulators under Article 92 and a July 2026 implementing rule. It warns advisers pushing permanent embedded evaluators also sit on the EU scientific panel. Policy and law ReportedAbroadAI-drafted Openchip CEO Guim puts first data centre chip about 18 months out and frames mission as global Openchip chief executive Francesc Guim told Bright Founders Talk that the Barcelona RISC-V firm, now almost 400 people in five countries, is about 18 months from its first data centre chip, and argued that technology from chips to AI models should not stay in the hands of four or five companies. Compute and infrastructure VerifiedAI-drafted EDRi says EU's Cloud and AI Development Act is sovereignty-washing EDRi says the Cloud and AI Development Act mistakes territorial control for genuine digital sovereignty. It warns the law funds speculative AI data centre growth while US investors capture most of the gains. Policy and lawCompute and infrastructure VerifiedAI-drafted EDRi warns Austria's AI-only administrative decisions bill risks rights EDRi warns Austria's draft AVG amendment, bill 89/ME, would let authorities issue binding rulings using AI with no human review. It cites hallucination, bias and fair trial risks. Policy and law VerifiedAI-drafted OpenForum Europe welcomes EU plan to revise Standardisation Regulation OpenForum Europe welcomed the European Commission's proposed revision of the Standardisation Regulation 1025/2012, calling it a step towards letting open source communities help set EU standards and widening which bodies the Commission can mandate to write them. Policy and law ReportedAI-drafted ECIPE analyst says EU's Peace Facility must become a differentiated tool ECIPE's Tengiz Pkhaladze argues the EUR 17 billion European Peace Facility, which has mobilised EUR 6.1 billion for Ukraine, should use differentiated tools for each country's security gap rather than simply grow its ceiling. Defence and space VerifiedAI-drafted CCIA Europe urges Commission to block Spain's infrastructure security decree CCIA Europe told the European Commission that Spain's draft Royal Decree wrongly extends telecom security duties to cloud, CDN and data centre firms, estimating compliance costs of EUR 45 million to EUR 90 million and clashing with NIS2. Policy and law ReportedAI-drafted CEPA opinion: Europe needs permanent counter-drone teams at key airports CEPA's Niccolo Comini argues Europe should station permanent, military led counter-drone teams at key airports and ports, citing Ukraine's cheap interceptor drones as a model against hybrid Russian incursions like the August Leipzig attack. Defence and space VerifiedAbroadAI-drafted CCIA Europe report says the DMA is losing appeal as a global regulatory model CCIA Europe's Research Center report says the EU's Digital Markets Act is failing to spread as a global model, finding 11 of 14 non EU jurisdictions that weighed DMA style rules have narrowed or dropped them. It blames high compliance costs and consumer harm for the limited uptake. Policy and law ReportedAI-drafted Mistral CEO Mensch says uncorrelated AI suppliers are valuable in an uncertain world At Abu Dhabi's Ai Everything summit, Mistral AI CEO Arthur Mensch said countries and companies should not rely on one AI source, as uncorrelated suppliers are valuable in an uncertain world, and named portability, continuity, affordability, IP control and culture as tests of sovereign AI. Compute and infrastructure ReportedAI-drafted EDRi legal analysis finds EU-US border deal breaches EU data protection law EDRi and Denmark's IT-Pol say the EU-US Enhanced Border Security Partnership draft breaches EU data law and the Charter. They flag up to 75-year US data retention and weak independent oversight, urging the Council to refuse or suspend the deal. Policy and law VerifiedAI-drafted CCIA says Ofcom's draft Online Safety Act duties for big platforms exceed the law CCIA's response to Ofcom's Category 1 consultation says several draft Online Safety Act user empowerment and verification duties go beyond the Act. It urges Ofcom to narrow them to cut compliance costs. Policy and law ReportedAI-drafted CCIA economist says EU's Digital Markets Act bakes in yesterday's market structure CCIA's chief economist Trevor Wagener says two 2025 US antitrust rulings show markets move too fast for fixed conduct rules, and argues the EU's Digital Markets Act "bakes in yesterday's market structure," already delaying AI features for European users. Policy and law ReportedAI-drafted ECIPE paper urges EU to reform telecom rules to capture 6G value ECIPE's Erixon, Guinea, Pandya and Sharma say EU telecom equipment makers earn 3 percent margins against platforms' 28 percent, and urge reformed net neutrality rules, less overlap and support for European 6G equipment makers. Policy and law VerifiedAI-drafted CCIA Europe says Digital Networks Act codifies pathways to network fees CCIA Europe says the Commission's Digital Networks Act, via Article 9 and its conciliation mechanism, opens legal pathways for telecom operators to demand network fees from online services, eroding settlement free peering. Policy and law ReportedAI-drafted SiPearl chief says there is no sovereign cloud without European processors SiPearl chief executive Philippe Notton said no cloud can be called sovereign without European processors, tying the claim to the OpenCUBE project for European server and cloud technology. He said the initiative should raise public awareness of the dependency. Compute and infrastructure VerifiedAI-drafted DigitalEurope calls for EU action to close quantum computing funding gap DigitalEurope said Europe attracts only 5% of global private quantum computing funding against over 50% for the US. It urged the EU to add public funding to stimulate demand and mobilise private growth capital. Industry, investment and R&D VerifiedAI-drafted Kallas urges EU states to send more naval ships to bolster Operation Aspides EU High Representative Kaja Kallas told the Foreign Affairs Council (Defence) that Operation Aspides lacks the ten ships it needs and urged states to send frigates to escort vessels through the Bab el Mandeb strait. She said she had no firm pledges yet. Defence and space VerifiedAI-drafted CEPA fellow says EU gigafactory drive chases impossible chip self-sufficiency CEPA senior fellow Christopher Cytera argues the EU's EUR 10 billion AI Gigafactories drive chases impossible chip self-sufficiency. He urges an EU-UK semiconductor partnership managing interdependencies instead, citing IMEC's NanoIC pilot line. Compute and infrastructureIndustry, investment and R&D VerifiedAbroadAI-drafted CEPA analyst urges NATO to form dedicated drone interceptor squadron using Czech jets RUSI's Justin Bronk, writing for CEPA, urges NATO to form a multinational squadron of 16 to 24 Czech Aero L-39NG jets to intercept Russian drones cheaply, citing Romania's surge in incursions this year. Defence and space VerifiedAbroadAI-drafted CCIA warns EU's Digital Markets Act is top G20 digital trade barrier CCIA published a paper ahead of the G20 trade ministerial naming the EU's Digital Markets Act and political advertising rules among top digital trade barriers. It cited USD 300 billion in forgone revenue for US firms across G20 markets. Policy and law ReportedAI-drafted DigitalEurope calls for broad EU-US Digital Dialogue on AI, chips, cybersecurity DigitalEurope urged the EU and US to launch a broad Digital Dialogue covering AI, semiconductors, cybersecurity and digital infrastructure, building on July 2026 Commission-US engagements. It called for industry input on export controls, sovereignty frameworks and investment screening. Policy and law VerifiedAI-drafted Digital SME Alliance says EU circular economy law can cut material dependence European DIGITAL SME Alliance's Lina Nardone argues the EU's planned Circular Economy Act could cut reliance on imported critical raw materials, citing China's 2025 export curbs, and urges SME friendly secondary material rules. Industry, investment and R&DPolicy and law VerifiedAI-drafted Nextcloud's Karlitschek says Europe can't wait, industry must drive sovereignty Nextcloud CEO Frank Karlitschek marks ten years without venture capital. He says private industry must drive sovereignty from the bottom up, since "Europe can't wait", and that freedom of choice, not just data location, is core to digital sovereignty. Industry, investment and R&DPolicy and law VerifiedAI-drafted Commissioner Albuquerque warns EU on dependence on US tech and card schemes European Commissioner Maria Luis Albuquerque told the Dublin Interparliamentary Conference on Stability, Economic Coordination and Governance that Europe's reliance on US technology providers and card schemes leaves it vulnerable, urging European scale payments infrastructure. Policy and law ReportedAI-drafted Digital SME Alliance urges lawmakers to protect EU Inc rules for SMEs The European DIGITAL SME Alliance's Florian Schuck urges Council and Parliament to keep EU Inc's EUR 100, 48 hour incorporation universal and require its digital infrastructure providers to be established in the Union, favouring European suppliers. Policy and law VerifiedAI-drafted CEPA warns China's rise in biotech discovery threatens transatlantic pharma edge CEPA fellow Elly Rostoum argues China is climbing from biotech manufacturing into drug discovery, urging the US and Europe to preserve the translation-stage strengths that keep transatlantic pharma competitive. Industry, investment and R&D ReportedAbroadAI-drafted EDRi open letter urges EU states to reject GDPR weakening in Data Omnibus EDRi published an open letter urging EU member state representatives to reject the Digital Omnibus on Data's pseudonymisation, AI legitimate interest and cookie consent changes, calling them a weakening of GDPR protections. Policy and law VerifiedAI-drafted DigitalEurope backs European Security Council, urges faster defence procurement DigitalEurope director general Cecilia Bonefeld-Dahl, responding to von der Leyen's State of the Union address, backed a European Security Council complementing NATO and urged faster procurement to turn defence spending into deployable AI, cyber, drone, space and secure connectivity capabilities. Defence and spacePolicy and law VerifiedAI-drafted OVHcloud CEO says EU public commitment for AI gigafactories too small OVHcloud chief executive Octave Klaba said in Gdansk that the EU's proposed EUR 200 million, five year public commitment to buy AI gigafactory services is too small, and urged Europe wide pooled demand over national strategies. Compute and infrastructureIndustry, investment and R&D ReportedAI-drafted Kubilius says EU must not depend on foreign rockets, plans space action plan Commissioner Kubilius told a BusinessEurope industrial event Europe must not depend on foreign rockets, citing 62 Galileo and Copernicus launches needed by 2034, and said he will tour Europe and present a space access action plan next year. Industry, investment and R&DDefence and space ReportedAI-drafted EDRi and SHARE Foundation say EU's spyware double standard undermines its credibility EDRi's Ajanovic Andelic and SHARE Foundation's Ristic say the EU's spyware double standard undermines its credibility, urging the Commission to ban spyware vendors from EU funding, open infringement cases against member states, and tie Serbia's accession to ending state spyware use. Policy and law VerifiedAI-drafted CCIA warns Lords committee UK Online Safety Act lacks a correction route CCIA told peers reviewing the Online Safety Act that Ofcom's child safety evidence remains preliminary and accumulating rules risk incoherence, urging a merits based review route for Ofcom's substantive decisions rather than judicial review alone. Policy and law ReportedAI-drafted CCIA Europe tells Commission Greek social media age ban breaches EU law CCIA Europe told the European Commission that Greece's draft law banning social media for under 15s breaches the Digital Services Act and the country of origin principle, urging Brussels to declare it incompatible with EU law and Greece to pause it. Policy and law ReportedAI-drafted ASML public affairs chief says Europe buys none of its chip machines this year ASML EVP for public affairs Frank Heemskerk said at De Balie in Amsterdam that Europe's revenue share fell to zero percent in 2026, from one percent in 2025 and five percent in 2024, and urged Europe to organise chip demand collectively. Compute and infrastructurePolicy and law ReportedAI-drafted CCIA Europe says EU data centre rating scheme ignores climate and engineering realities CCIA Europe said the Commission's newly adopted EU data centre rating scheme ignores climate and engineering differences; its energy factor excludes geothermal and clean hydrogen, risking investment moving outside the EU, said policy manager Leonardo Veneziani. Policy and lawCompute and infrastructure ReportedAI-drafted DigitalEurope's Bonefeld-Dahl backs a single EU-wide Kids Act over national patchwork DigitalEurope's Director General Cecilia Bonefeld-Dahl says child safety online is a shared responsibility for industry and backs a single EU-wide Kids Act rather than a patchwork of 27 national rules, in an interview published on the trade body's site. Policy and law VerifiedAI-drafted ECB's Olli Rehn backs jointly issued European debt to fund defence build up ECB Governing Council member and Bank of Finland governor Olli Rehn said Europe should issue jointly issued debt to fund its defence build up, calling it a liquid, euro denominated safe asset. Defence and spacePolicy and law ReportedAI-drafted Commissioner Ribera sets out EU vision for democratic, competitive AI Executive Vice-President Teresa Ribera addressed Fordham University's 53rd Annual Conference on building a democratic, competitive and sustainable future for artificial intelligence, setting out the Commission's terms for AI governance. Policy and law ReportedAI-drafted European and Canadian innovation leaders meet the tech sovereignty moment DIGITAL SME Alliance, Canada's Digital Governance Council and the Council of Canadian Innovators welcomed von der Leyen's EU-Canada alliance pitch; president Oliver Grun urged joint control over AI, quantum, cybersecurity and manufacturing technology. Industry, investment and R&DPolicy and law VerifiedAI-drafted Canadian PM Carney urges Europe to pool compute, coordinate AI rules in alliance pitch Canadian PM Mark Carney told the European Parliament that Canada and Europe should pool sovereign compute capacity, coordinate AI safety standards, and deepen cooperation on semiconductors, critical minerals, space and payments to secure shared strategic autonomy. Policy and lawCompute and infrastructure VerifiedAbroadAI-drafted Bull CEO Le Roux sets out vision for a sovereign European HPC supply chain Bull CEO Emmanuel Le Roux tells HPCwire the French, state owned supercomputer maker is building European supply chain independence: local NVL72 manufacturing, a BXI interconnect replacing Nvidia Mellanox from January 2027, and backing for European AI accelerator startups. Compute and infrastructure VerifiedAI-drafted CCIA Europe warns EU Kids Act age checks force unavoidable privacy trade-offs CCIA Europe's Daniel Friedlaender warns the EU Kids Act's age verification duties force privacy trade-offs, requiring mass collection of children's, adults' and family data that undermines data minimisation and invites cybercriminal targeting. Policy and law ReportedAI-drafted CEPA warns Chinese connected devices give Beijing leverage over Europe's infrastructure CEPA's Đuro Lubura argues Chinese connected devices (cranes, cameras, solar inverters, vehicles) give Beijing remote digital leverage over European infrastructure, and proposes a Digital Strategic Exposure methodology plus NATO wide standards to screen risky imports. Policy and lawDefence and space VerifiedAbroadAI-drafted CISPE marks Broadcom "Red" and SAP "Amber" on cloud licensing harm CISPE rates Broadcom "Red" for excluding most European cloud providers from reselling VMware and ending Bring Your Own Licence rights, rates SAP "Amber" for steering customers to its own cloud, and urges the Commission to act. Compute and infrastructure VerifiedAI-drafted CEPA column: Europe's car crisis is a defence conversion opportunity Andreas Urbanski, deepi.ai founder and former Google Cloud and Airbus Defence and Space executive, argues in CEPA that Europe should convert car plants to defence output, citing VW Osnabrueck's Rafael Iron Dome deal, as EU defence spending nears 3.5 percent of GDP by 2035. Industry, investment and R&DDefence and space VerifiedAbroadAI-drafted CEPA warns Starlink's 'switch power' threatens European defence autonomy CEPA analyst Nikola Lunic argues private firms such as SpaceX's Starlink hold "switch power" over European military and space operations, citing IRIS2 and France's Space Summit as Europe's answer to that dependence. Defence and spaceCompute and infrastructure VerifiedAbroadAI-drafted SWP Berlin says Turkey's Africa arms exports complicate EU defence ties SWP Berlin's Nebahat Tanriverdi Yasar and Baris Alp Ozden warn Turkey's growing defence exports to Africa complicate EU-Turkey industrial cooperation, urging Germany and the EU to set supply-chain and export-control safeguards. Defence and spaceIndustry, investment and R&D VerifiedAI-drafted Lagarde warns Europe must build sovereign AI or face foreign leverage over its economy ECB President Christine Lagarde told Vienna's Hofburg im Dialog that Europe cannot rely on imported AI, warning a foreign supplier's withdrawal of access "would reach every sector at once"; she cited US control of 75% of global AI computing capacity against Europe's 5%. Policy and lawCompute and infrastructure VerifiedAI-drafted An expert council including Vestager and Acemoglu urges the EU to triple its share of global AI compute A Senior Expert Council convened by Monika Schnitzer published a strategy arguing the EU hosts around 5% of global AI compute against 75% in the US, and should reach 15% by 2030. It sets five immediate objectives. No EU body has adopted it. Compute and infrastructurePolicy and law VerifiedAI-drafted ECIPE's Guinea warns compulsory AI copyright licensing would hurt EU startups ECIPE's Oscar Guinea argues the EU should keep its Article 4 text and data mining exception rather than impose compulsory AI copyright licensing, warning large US firms could absorb the fees while European AI startups could not. Policy and law VerifiedAI-drafted Draghi calls on Europe's largest companies to pool compute purchases to finance data centres In a Financial Times column, former ECB president Mario Draghi argued Europe can be sovereign on data but not chips or frontier models, put the EU at under 5 percent of world AI compute, and urged large companies to pool multiyear compute commitments as ASML, Capgemini and Amadeus did with Mistral. Compute and infrastructurePolicy and law VerifiedAI-drafted DigitalEurope urges EU energy investment after EUR 50 billion Hormuz fuel bill DIGITALEUROPE's Peter Weckesser and Cecilia Bonefeld-Dahl say Europe has paid EUR 50 billion extra for fuel since the Hormuz crisis, and call for a 32 percent electrification target, 12 month grid permits and a quarter of the EUR 2 trillion 2028-2034 EU budget for critical and digital technologies. Industry, investment and R&DCompute and infrastructure VerifiedAI-drafted Von der Leyen praises Airbus-Thales-Leonardo Bromo satellite merger as EU champion At the Paris International Space Summit on 10 September, Commission President von der Leyen praised the proposed Airbus, Thales and Leonardo satellite venture Bromo as the industrial champion Europe needs, linking it to the EU's updated merger guidance. Defence and spaceIndustry, investment and R&D VerifiedAI-drafted EDRi warns EU cookie law reform could weaken surveillance protections EDRi argues the EU's cookie rules under ePrivacy guard against surveillance of devices and communications, and warns the Commission's Digital Omnibus proposal, folding device access into GDPR's legitimate interest test, would weaken that protection. Policy and law VerifiedAI-drafted CEPA's Roberto says NATO must match Russia's long range missile arsenal CEPA's Peter Roberto argues NATO, and Europe within it, must scale long range missile production to match Russia, warning European capability gaps undermine deterrence without closing the US reliance. Defence and space VerifiedAbroadAI-drafted CCIA Europe warns EU Procurement Act risks excluding trusted suppliers CCIA Europe warns the Commission's proposed Public Procurement Act, letting buyers exclude suppliers by country of origin, risks gaps in EU trade commitments, less choice and higher costs for public buyers of cloud, software and AI. Policy and law ReportedAI-drafted Macron urges Europe to build independent space power as US firms boycott Paris summit At the Paris International Space Summit, President Macron said Europe must build "a powerful Europe, independent even in space" and fly its own crewed spacecraft within a decade, as SpaceX and Blue Origin skipped the event after reported White House pressure not to attend. Defence and space ReportedAI-drafted EDRi warns EU age verification mini wallet leaves privacy checks optional EDRi warns the Commission's age verification "mini wallet", built on the EUDI Wallet and promoted as ready for social media checks, makes its Zero Knowledge Proof safeguard optional, using SHOULD rather than SHALL, so it can be dropped. Policy and law VerifiedAI-drafted FFO tallies EUR 56.7 million EU network funding DSA enforcement work FFO's investigation finds EUR 56,762,300.69 in EU contracts and grants tied to DSA implementation by 27 August 2026, funded by platform supervisory fees, with Belgium hosting EUR 18.45 million of the awards. Policy and law ReportedAbroadAI-drafted CISPE says Broadcom's VMware Private AI Cloud push threatens new lock-in CISPE says Broadcom's new VMware Private AI Cloud extends licence practices that cut its European partner channel to low single digits and raised prices by multiples, and will bring the same rises to AI workloads. Compute and infrastructure VerifiedAI-drafted CEPA warns Europe's child safety push risks fragmenting digital market CEPA's William Echikson and Aiko Iguchi warn that Europe's child safety push, alongside the US, Australia and Brazil, risks a fragmented patchwork of rules that could undermine the EU's digital single market unless age checks pair with design reform. Policy and law VerifiedAbroadAI-drafted ECIPE's Lee-Makiyama: EU lacks leverage to move Ukraine's 5G off Huawei ECIPE's Hosuk Lee-Makiyama argues the EU lacks financial leverage over Ukraine's coming 5G auction: Kyivstar runs about 200 pilot sites almost exclusively on Huawei for 1.5 million users, while EU export credit terms trail cheaper Chinese financing. Compute and infrastructurePolicy and law VerifiedAI-drafted ECIPE's Erik van der Marel: trade in tech and data is splitting into blocs ECIPE chief economist Erik van der Marel says global trade in technology, services and data is reorganising into political "idea blocs", where alliances rather than geography now decide Europe's economic weight. Policy and law ReportedAI-drafted ECIPE's David Henig argues against EU protectionism in China policy debate ECIPE's David Henig argues Brussels should reject "China Shock 2.0" protectionism, writing that real economic security comes from global competitiveness and business led adaptation, not self sufficiency or economic warfare. Policy and lawIndustry, investment and R&D VerifiedAI-drafted Foundation for Freedom Online: EU pressure on Ceuta content went global FFO says EU Digital Services Act pressure on Meta and TikTok over false Ceuta migration claims produced a moderation protocol that platforms then applied worldwide, naming 23 US funded organisations receiving over USD 15 million in grants. Policy and law ReportedAbroadAI-drafted SWP Berlin urges EU Arctic Strategy to prioritise sovereign submarine cable routes SWP Berlin's Bendiek and Holste say the EU's revised Arctic Strategy should prioritise trans-Arctic submarine cables, citing EUR 4.3 billion in projects and EUR 347 million EU funding via the Connecting Europe Facility to reduce dependence on vulnerable chokepoints. Policy and lawCompute and infrastructure VerifiedAI-drafted CEPA: China's Digital Silk Road keeps its grip on Balkan telecom networks CEPA's Ekaterina Kurbangaleeva writes China supplied an average 45% of Western Balkan telecom equipment imports from 2017 to 2024, arguing Chinese vendors stay entrenched in Serbia, Bosnia, Montenegro, Albania and North Macedonia despite EU and US pressure. Compute and infrastructurePolicy and law ReportedAbroadAI-drafted EDRi says Parliament sent a warning shot despite new chat control law EDRi says the ePrivacy derogation letting platforms scan private messages for child abuse material took effect on 31 July 2026 after a forced second reading, but reads a majority of MEPs present as signalling opposition ahead of the permanent CSA Regulation. Policy and law VerifiedAI-drafted DigitalEurope sets recommendations for digital euro trilogue talks DigitalEurope urges digital euro trilogue negotiators to fairly compensate distributing banks and payment firms, set financial stability holding limits, reuse industry infrastructure and give a clear issuance timeline. Policy and law VerifiedAI-drafted ECIPE warns weakening patent injunctions would blunt Europe's licensing model ECIPE's Dyuti Pandya warns that removing injunctive relief, as happened in the US after eBay v MercExchange, would turn European patents into mere damages claims and weaken SEP and FRAND licensing leverage. Policy and law VerifiedAI-drafted CEPA urges US-EU coordination as Europe hesitates to rip out Chinese 6G gear CEPA's Alexis Serfaty writes Germany and other EU states resist tearing out Chinese telecom gear over cost, and urges US and European development and export credit bodies to jointly fund full 6G packages so the West does not fragment before China's offer. Compute and infrastructurePolicy and law VerifiedAbroadAI-drafted ECIPE says UK CMA's app store steering rules amount to price control ECIPE's Fredrik Erixon and Dyuti Pandya argue the CMA's steering proposals for Apple and Google's app stores go beyond conduct rules into price regulation, lacking a workable cost or value methodology. Policy and law VerifiedAI-drafted European DIGITAL SME Alliance warns Hugging Face AI breach shows need for sovereign AI The European DIGITAL SME Alliance says an OpenAI model's breach of Hugging Face during a safety test shows SMEs need ENISA guidance now, and argues Europe must fund sovereign frontier AI models, not just infrastructure under the Cloud and AI Development Act. Compute and infrastructurePolicy and law VerifiedAI-drafted CEPA warns weakening AI copyright text mining exemption risks European AI lag CEPA's Brian Williamson warns that replacing the EU's opt-out text and data mining exemption with an opt-in regime would disadvantage European AI startups, worsen the bloc's compute disadvantage and deepen dependence on foreign-trained models. Industry, investment and R&DPolicy and law VerifiedAbroadAI-drafted CEPA's Sedlak says clashing NATO and EU industrial strategies leave arms makers hedging CEPA's Miro Sedlak writes that NATO's and the EU's defence industrial strategies, published days apart in July 2026, clash on membership and EU local content rules, leaving manufacturers hedging rather than expanding production. Defence and spacePolicy and law VerifiedAbroadAI-drafted CEPA says EU enforcement wave against US tech risks transatlantic China unity CEPA's Ronan Murphy argues EUR 1.59 billion in DMA fines against Google, Apple and Meta, including the EUR 890 million Google case, show the EU targeting US firms when it should unite with Washington against China. Policy and law VerifiedAbroadAI-drafted CCIA calls Commission's USD 1 billion Google DMA fine punishment of popular features CCIA Europe's Daniel Friedlaender criticised the Commission's near USD 1 billion Google DMA fine, saying it penalises product features consumers like and risks becoming a de facto tax on successful US firms. Policy and law ReportedAI-drafted Virkkunen warns foreign AI dependence risks becoming political leverage Commission executive vice-president Henna Virkkunen told the Financial Times foreign control of frontier AI could be weaponised, citing Washington's June 2026 export curbs on Anthropic's models, and said Europe must cut risky dependencies while keeping markets open. Policy and law ReportedEditor-read EDRi warns EU border deal would trade citizens' biometric data for US visa waiver EDRi warns a leaked Enhanced Border Security Partnership draft would let EU states hand biometric and risk-assessment data to the US to keep visa-free travel, without the discrimination safeguards it says EU law requires. Policy and law VerifiedAI-drafted ECIPE calls Commission's DMA interoperability order on Google a privilege escalation ECIPE's Fredrik Erixon and Dyuti Pandya argue the Commission's DMA order forcing Google to open Android and Search data to rivals risks security and mainly benefits large incumbent AI firms. Policy and law VerifiedAI-drafted EDRi says GDPR and AI Act need enforcement, not Digital Omnibus simplification EDRi argues Europe's rights-based digital rulebook is a competitive advantage and warns the proposed Digital Omnibus, touching the GDPR and AI Act, risks rolling back protections that need enforcing, not loosening. Policy and law VerifiedAI-drafted Commissioner Virkkunen calls India a trusted semiconductor talent partner EU Executive Vice President Henna Virkkunen said India is a key semiconductor partner for its skilled talent pool, part of EU efforts to work with trusted partners and build its own capacity rather than depend on a single supplier. Policy and lawIndustry, investment and R&D ReportedEditor-read DigitalEurope says Chips Act 2.0 needs EUR 20 billion member state funding DIGITALEUROPE's Fabian Bohnenberger and Clara Balestrieri welcome the Chips Act 2.0 proposal but call for member states to commit at least EUR 20 billion under the 2028 to 2034 budget, citing a 15 to 30 percent cost disadvantage against Asian rivals. Industry, investment and R&DPolicy and law VerifiedAI-drafted EDRi urges Commission to reassess EU-US Data Privacy Framework EDRi said the Commission must immediately reassess the EU-US Data Privacy Framework after the US Supreme Court's Trump v Slaughter ruling stripped independent-agency protections underpinning the adequacy decision, and publish its legal assessment. Policy and law VerifiedAI-drafted ECIPE says Spain's China caution on cybersecurity law is self-imposed, not coerced ECIPE's Hosuk Lee-Makiyama argues Madrid, not Beijing, drives Spain's resistance to the EU's cybersecurity act, linking its stance to EUR 4 billion in Chinese battery investment and reliance on Chinese cloud servers. Policy and law VerifiedAI-drafted ECIPE urges EU to anchor Southeast Europe in digital, industrial value chains ECIPE's Philipp Lamprecht and Frauke Seebass argue the EU is losing ground to China, Russia, Turkey and Gulf states in Southeast Europe's digital connectivity, critical raw materials and defence sectors, and urge deeper integration of candidate states into EU value chains. Industry, investment and R&DPolicy and law VerifiedAI-drafted ECIPE argues proportionality already works, opposes rushing IPRED reform ECIPE's Fredrik Erixon and Dyuti Pandya contend IPRED already embeds proportionality and that a cited 94 percent injunction rate is misleading, urging the EU let Unified Patent Court practice mature before reform. Policy and law VerifiedAI-drafted CEPA warns US Supreme Court ruling threatens EU-US Data Privacy Framework CEPA's Anda Bologa warns the Trump v Slaughter ruling, letting the US president remove FTC commissioners at will, undercuts the independence underpinning the EU-US Data Privacy Framework and invites a Schrems III challenge. Policy and law VerifiedAbroadAI-drafted RUSI's Shetler-Jones argues in CEPA that NATO First misdirects UK defence industry spending RUSI's Philip Shetler-Jones argues in CEPA that Britain's NATO First doctrine misallocates defence resources, urging London to back the maritime and air techno-industrial base behind GCAP and AUKUS over land forces like Ajax. Defence and space VerifiedAbroadAI-drafted EU defence commissioner Kubilius calls for the EU budget to rise for war readiness EU Defence and Space Commissioner Andrius Kubilius told a conference that a serious Europe should raise the EU budget to at least 2 percent of GNI now, warning it could otherwise need 12 to 15 percent of GDP in wartime. Defence and spacePolicy and law VerifiedEditor-read SWP Berlin says Arctic submarine cables are central to Europe's digital sovereignty SWP Berlin's Annegret Bendiek argues the EU's updated Arctic strategy must treat Arctic submarine cable routes, the shortest Europe-Asia link, as core to European digital sovereignty, a dimension she says current Arctic policy overlooks. Compute and infrastructurePolicy and law VerifiedAI-drafted CEPA's Hidalgo Martinez says FCAS collapse leaves Spain without a sovereign fighter path CEPA's Natalia Hidalgo Martinez writes that Germany's unilateral cancellation of the EUR 100 billion FCAS fighter programme leaves Spain without a sovereign path to a next generation jet, reduced to the F-35, GCAP, Kaan or ageing 1980s aircraft. Defence and space VerifiedAbroadAI-drafted CEPA urges EU-wide drone traffic control, praises France's counter-drone lead CEPA's Ronan Murphy and Marta Granados Hernandez argue Europe needs real-time drone traffic control, citing France's Remote ID rules and telecom-based counter-drone deployment as ahead of Germany and the US. Policy and lawDefence and space VerifiedAbroadAI-drafted Netframe CEO urges EUR 130 billion plan for European sovereign cloud Valentin Przyluski, founder and chief executive of French infrastructure firm Netframe, argues Europe has one last window to build sovereign cloud capacity, proposing EUR 130 billion over ten years and 300 to 500 firms to reach 25 to 30 percent of the European market. Policy and lawIndustry, investment and R&D VerifiedEditor-read EDRi says Digital Euro must embed privacy technically or risk rejection EDRi published a guest piece by member epicenter.works arguing the digital euro must build in technical privacy tools such as zero-knowledge proofs and threshold cryptography, warning that ECON Committee gains on privacy safeguards must survive the remaining legislative stages. Policy and law VerifiedAI-drafted EDRi says EU's AI billions lack tracking, calls for transparent public ledger EDRi publishes an Open Future analysis arguing the EU's cited EUR 200 billion in AI investment conflates budgets, guarantees and private targets, with no standardised tracking or disclosure of end beneficiaries, undermining scrutiny of public AI funding. Industry, investment and R&DPolicy and law VerifiedAI-drafted CEPA: reliance on US frontier AI leaves European governments at Washington's mercy CEPA fellow Elly Rostoum writes that Washington's order forcing Anthropic to cut Fable 5 and Mythos 5 access for all foreign users, Europeans included, shows building on American frontier AI leaves allied governments at the mercy of a US-controlled dependency. Compute and infrastructurePolicy and law VerifiedAbroadAI-drafted CCIA says 79 percent of EU tech founders hobbled by regulatory friction CCIA Europe's Daniel Friedlaender said its survey found 79 percent of EU tech founders hit by regulatory friction, with a quarter spending over 30 percent of budgets on compliance, as Digital Omnibus talks stall. Policy and law ReportedAI-drafted CEPA fellow urges pragmatic digital sovereignty over costly decoupling CEPA fellow William Echikson argues Europe should pursue pragmatic digital sovereignty, building on strengths in lithography, chemicals and industrial data rather than costly decoupling from US and Asian technology. Industry, investment and R&D VerifiedAbroadAI-drafted CEPA urges Europe to buy Ukraine's Flamingo missile to close strike capability gap CEPA's David Axe argues Europe should buy Ukraine's Fire Point FP-5 Flamingo cruise missile, priced near USD 500,000 against a Tomahawk's over USD 2 million, to close its deep strike gap after Washington cancelled Typhon-Tomahawk deployment to Germany, rather than wait years for domestic missiles. Defence and space VerifiedAbroadAI-drafted ECIPE paper says Digital Fairness Act could cost EUR 29 billion a year ECIPE occasional paper by Hosuk Lee-Makiyama and Claudia Lozano argues the EU's proposed Digital Fairness Act would cost EUR 10 billion to EUR 29 billion a year, above the Commission's own EUR 7.9 billion harm estimate, and would favour large platforms over regional media. Policy and law VerifiedAI-drafted ECIPE argues DMA-style ex ante rules are premature for AI markets ECIPE director Fredrik Erixon and Dyuti Pandya argue in an ECIPE insight that applying the DMA's ex ante gatekeeper regime to AI is premature, since no AI gatekeeper has emerged, and urge monitoring and targeted remedies over broad new rules. Policy and law VerifiedAI-drafted